Knights and dames during the reign of Queen Elizabeth II
We look through The Gazette archives at some of the most prominent knights and dames honoured during the reign of Queen Elizabeth II.
What is a knight or dame?
A knighthood is a title given to a male by the Queen for achievements or service to the country, while a damehood is awarded to females. These ranks entitle recipients to use the title of Sir or Dame before their forename. Traditionally, knights and dames are conferred with a touch of a sword by the reigning monarch.
There are various orders of chivalry in the British honours system which have Knight and Dame ranks, including the Most Noble Order of the Garter and the Most Honourable Order of the Bath. However, most men receive the dignity of knight bachelor (and the badge with the sword and spurs), while most women become dames commanders of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire.
Who were the first people to be knighted by Elizabeth II?
The first mention in The Gazette of people being knighted by Queen Elizabeth II came in an issue published on 29 February 1952 (Gazette issue 39480), just over three weeks after she was proclaimed sovereign throughout her realms on 6 February 1952 (Gazette issue 39458).
Though the honours were approved by her father, George VI, before his demise, according to The Gazette, the new Queen conferred the knighthoods of the following at a ceremony at Buckingham Palace on 27 February 1952:
- Walter Fergusson Leisrinck Hannay, Esq., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.
- Professor Leonard Bairstow, C.B.E., D.Sc., D.Eng., F.R.S.
- George Percy Barnett, Esq.
- John Lucian Blake, Esq., M.Sc.
- John Poland Bowen, Esq., C.B.E., M.I.C.E.
- Ivor Llewellyn Brace, Esq., Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Sarawak, North Borneo and Brunei
- Walter Russell Brain, Esq., D.M., B.Ch., F.R.C.P.
- Colin Campbell, Esq., O.B.E.
- Hugh Maxwell Casson, Esq.,
- Robert Catterall, Esq., M.B.E.
- Charles Gibson Connell, Esq.
- John Harold Corah, Esq.
- Arthur Jules Dash, Esq., C.I.E., lately Chairman, Public Service Commission, East Bengal
- Robert Furness Fryars, Esq.
- Reginald Playfair Hills, Esq., O.B.E., M.C.
- Geoffrey Clegg Hutchinson, Esq., M.C., T.D., Q.C., M.P.
- Major Herbert Leslie Joseph
- Edward Herbert Keeling, Esq., M.C., M.P.
- Colonel William John Kent, C.B.E., T.D.
- George Palmer Laidlaw, Esq., O.B.E.
- Allen Lane Williams Lane, Esq.
- The Honourable John Herman Lienhop, Agent General in London for the State of Victoria
- Hans Eric Miller, Esq.
- Eric de Vere Moss, Esq., C.I.E., lately Secretary, Ministry of Health and Works, Pakistan
- Professor Rudolph Albert Peters, M.C., M.D., F.R.S.
- Eboo Pirbhai, Esq., O.B.E. For public services in Kenya
- Arthur Hampden Ronald Wastell Poyser, Esq., C.B.E.
- John Prichard, Esq., C.B.E.
- David Randall Pye, Esq., C.B., Sc.D., M.I.Mech.E., F.R.S.
- John Knewstub Maurice Rothenstein, Esq., C.B.E., Ph.D.
- Professor Douglas Lloyd Savory, M.P.
- Alfred Ernest Shennan, Esq., F.R.I.B.A.
- Reginald Sparshatt Thatcher, Esq., O.B.E., M.C., MUS.DOC., F.R.C.M., F.R.C.O.
- Watford Hollier Turner, Esq.
- Lieutenant-Colonel George James Cullum Welch, O.B.E., M.C.
- Alexander Williamson, Esq., C.B.E., M.I.C.E.
- Bertram Wilson, Esq.
However, the first knighthoods to be approved by Elizabeth II herself came in the 1952 Birthday Honours lists. Five lists were published in The Gazette on 30 May 1952:
- United Kingdom and Colonies (Gazette issue 39555)
- Australia (Gazette issue 39556)
- New Zealand (Gazette issue 39557)
- Ceylon (Gazette issue 39558)
- Pakistan (Gazette issue 39559)
Who received a knighthood or damehood during the reign of Elizabeth II?
Prime ministers
Queen Elizabeth II saw 15 different prime ministers of the United Kingdom, starting
with Winston Churchill who was the incumbent Prime Minister when she became Queen.
Though as Head of State she has always remained strictly neutral on all political
matters, the Queen has bestowed numerous honours upon prime ministers from the various
British orders of chivalry during her reign, all of which have been recorded in issues
of The Gazette.
One of the orders most frequently used by the Queen to bestow knighthoods on former prime ministers is the Most Noble Order of the Garter. Knights and Ladies of the Garter are chosen personally by the Sovereign to honour those who have held public office and have contributed in a particular way to national life. Membership of the Order of the Garter is limited to just 24 persons at one time.
Prime ministers who accepted the Order of the Garter during the reign of Elizabeth II are:
- Sir Winston Churchill (Gazette issue 39838) 28 April 1953
- Sir Anthony Eden (Gazette issue 40310) 26 October 1954
- Clement Attlee (Gazette issue 40751) 7 April 1956
- Sir Harold Wilson (Gazette issue 46885) 23 April 1976
- James Callaghan (Gazette issue 50903) 23 April 1987
- Sir Edward Heath (Gazette issue 52903) 23 April 1992
- Margaret Thatcher (Gazette issue 54017) 22 April 1995
- Sir John Major (Gazette issue 57622) 23 April 2005
- Sir Tony Blair (Gazette issue 63581) 1 January 2022
Actors
Some of Britain’s most celebrated actors and directors were honoured with knighthoods and damehoods by Elizabeth II. In the early years of her reign, the likes Sir John Gielgud and Sir Alec Guinness were knighted, while acting royalty such as Dame Judi Dench, Sir Ian McKellen and Dame Julie Walters were also recognised for their services to Drama.
- Sir John Gielgud (Gazette issue 39863) 26 May 1953
- Sir Alec Guinness (Gazette issue 41589) 30 December 1958
- Sir Charlie Chaplin (Gazette issue 46444) 31 December 1974
- Sir Alfred Hitchcock (Gazette issue 48041) 28 December 1979
- Dame Judi Dench (Gazette issue 51171) 30 December 1987
- Dame Maggie Smith (Gazette issue 51981) 29 December 1989
- Sir Ian McKellen (Gazette issue 52382) 28 December 1990
- Sir Sean Connery (Gazette issue 55710) 31 December 1999
- Sir Michael Caine (Gazette issue 55879) 19 June 2000
- Dame Helen Mirren (Gazette issue 56963) 14 June 2003
- Sir Patrick Stewart (Gazette issue 59282) 31 December 2009
- Dame Angela Lansbury (Gazette issue 60728) 31 December 2013
- Dame Julie Walters (Gazette issue 61962) 16 June 2017
Sport
Though some of Britain’s most iconic sportspersons, such as Sir Edmund Hillary, Sir Alf Ramsey and Sir Roger Bannister, were knighted in the early years of the Queen’s reign, it’s only since the turn of the millennium that athletes, predominantly Olympic athletes, began to receive knighthoods and damehoods in significant numbers.
In the 2017 New Year honours, following successes at London 2012 and Rio 2016, Dame Jessica Ennis-Hill, Sir Mo Farah and Sir Andy Murray were recognised for their contribution to sport, while in 2022 Sir Jason Kenny and Dame Laura Kenny became the first husband and wife to receive a knighthood and damehood on the same honours list. Olympic and Paralympic legends such as Sir Steve Redgrave, Sir Chris Hoy and Dame Tanni Grey-Thompson also became knights and dames during the Queen’s reign.
- Sir Edmund Hillary (Gazette issue 39886) 12 June 1953
- Sir Alf Ramsey (Gazette issue 44210) 30 December 1966
- Sir Roger Bannister (Gazette issue 46444) 31 December 1974
- Sir Alex Ferguson (Gazette issue 55513) 12 June 1999
- Dame Mary Peters (Gazette issue 55879) 19 June 2000
- Sir Steve Redgrave (Gazette issue 56070) 30 December 2000
- Dame Tanni Grey-Thompson (Gazette issue 57509) 31 December 2004
- Dame Kelly Holmes (Gazette issue 57509) 31 December 2004
- Sir Chris Hoy (Gazette issue 58929) 31 December 2008
- Sir Nick Faldo (Gazette issue 59090) 13 June 2009
- Dame Jessica Ennis-Hill (Gazette issue 61803) 31 December 2016
- Sir Mo Farah (Gazette issue 61803) 31 December 2016
- Sir Andy Murray (Gazette issue 61803) 31 December 2016
- Sir Lewis Hamilton (Gazette issue 63218) 31 December 2020
- Sir Jason Kenny (Gazette issue 63571) 1 January 2022
- Dame Laura Kenny (Gazette issue 63571) 1 January 2022
Music, art and literature
The arts have always been well represented in the Birthday and New Year honours lists. Artists such as Dame Barbara Hepworth received a damehood as far back as 1965, while authors Dame Agatha Christie and Dame Catherine Cookson were similarly recognised. Singer Dame Vera Lynn also received a damehood for her charitable services, while more recently the likes of Sir Elton John and Sir Paul McCartney were knighted for their contribution to music.
- Dame Barbara Hepworth (Gazette issue 43667) 4 June 1965
- Dame Agatha Christie (Gazette issue 45262) 31 December 1970
- Dame Vera Lynn (Gazette issue 46593) 6 June 1975
- Dame Catherine Cookson (Gazette issue 53153) 30 December 1992
- Sir Paul McCartney (Gazette issue 54625) 30 December 1996
- Sir Elton John (Gazette issue 54993) 30 December 1997
- Sir Tom Jones (Gazette issue 55354) 31 December 1998
- Sir Mick Jagger (Gazette issue 56595) 15 June 2002
Others
Elsewhere, the Queen awarded knighthoods and a damehoods to some of the UK’s most beloved and influential personalities, including Dame Mary Berry, Sir David Attenborough and Captain Sir Tom Moore, who raised over £30 million for charity in the run-up to his 100th birthday during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Sir David Attenborough (Gazette issue 50154) 15 June 1985
- Sir Tim Berners-Lee (Gazette issue 57155) 31 December 2003
- Dame Vivienne Westwood (Gazette issue 57855) 31 December 2005
- Dame Anna Wintour (Gazette issue 61803) 31 December 2016
- Captain Sir Tom Moore (Gazette issue 63009) 20 May 2020
- Dame Mary Berry (Gazette issue 63135) 10 October 2020
See also
Prime ministers and honours during the reign of Elizabeth II
This month in history: The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II
What is the difference between a CBE, OBE, MBE and a knighthood?
Birthday and New Year honours lists (1940 to 2022)
Images
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Publication updated
19 October 2023
Any opinion expressed in this article is that of the author and the author alone, and does not necessarily represent that of The Gazette.